BANI  UMAIYYAH The Bani Umayyah

 The Bani Umayyah had been sworn enemies of the Bani Hashim since the time when Hashim, the forefather of our Prophet  , had succeeded in banishing his evil half-brother Umayyah from Makkah.

The Bani Umayyah started tormenting the Prophet  immediately he began to spread Islam. Abu Sufyan was their leader. He led the wars of Badr and Uhud against the Muslims......

1. Mu'awiya son of Abu Sufyan

When Imam Ali (AS) was asked by all the Muslims to become Caliph in 35 A.H., one of the first things he did was to ask Mu'awiya to forego his governorship of Syria and give an account of his actions. Mu'awiya, however, wanted the Caliphate himself, and claimed that he was an independent authority and not under the Muslim state.

This led to the battle of Siffin, which came to an unsatisfactory conclusion in 37 A.H. Some of the factors leading to the success of Mu'awiya in Syria were the following:

i.The excuse of revenge for the murder of Uthman.

ii.The battle of Jamal led by Ayesha.

iii.The uncompromising nature of Imam Ali's (AS) faith.

iv.The murder of Imam Ali (AS) by Abdur Rahman ibne Muljam.

v.The cunning and treacherous nature of Muawiya himself.

After the death of Imam Ali (AS), Mu'awiya turned his attention to Imam Hasan (AS). Just as his father had done, Imam Hasan (AS) wrote to Mu'awiya telling him that the crimes he was committing against innocent Muslims were unacceptable. Imam Hasan (AS) asked the Kufans to assist him in battle against Mu'awiya.

However, the Kufans were either bribed or threatened by Mu'awiya, and being very fickle people, they deserted Imam Hasan (AS). At the gathering ground of Nukhayla, only 4,000 men turned out to fight and Imam Hasan (AS) was forced to return to Kufa disappointed. To save the lives of the few sincere Muslims, Imam Hasan (AS) had to sign a treaty with Mu'awiya.

Mu'awiya arranged the murder of Imam Hasan (AS). He promised Ju'da binte Ash'ath, a wife of Imam Hasan (AS), 100,000 dirhams and the hand of his son Yazid in marriage if she poisoned her husband. The cursed woman carried out the evil task and Imam Hasan (AS) breathed his last on 7th Safar 50 A.H.

Muawiya, may Allah's Curse be on him always, finally died in Rajab of 60 A.H.

2. Yazid son of Muawiya

In 60 A.H. this devil declared himself ruler of all Muslims. Yazid was a man of extremely evil habits. He was a drunkard, gambler, womaniser and murderer. He only ruled for 3 years. In the first year he killed Imam Husain (AS) and his companions in Karbala and made their women and children prisoners.

During the second year he ordered his soldiers to enter Madina and do what they liked. As a result, 1,000 people were killed, including 700 close Companions of the Prophet (p.b.u.h). In addition 1,000 women were assaulted and forced to surrender their dignity to Yazid's men. In the third year, Yazid mounted an attack on the Ka'ba, aiming to destroy it with giant catapults.

3. Mu'awiya the Second, son of Yazid.

Mu'awiya the Second was aware of the rights of the family of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and of the terrible crimes committed by his own father and grandfather. He therefore told Imam Zainul Abideen (AS) that he was transferring authority to him. His decision disgusted his mother so much that she told Muawiya, "I wish that I had discharged you as a miscarriage and never given birth to you." To this he replied, "I too, wish that that had been the case so that I would not be associated with Yazid, Muawiya and Abu Sufyan." Because of his refusal to continue in the way of his forefathers, Mu'awiya was soon poisoned and died only 4 months after coming to the throne.

4. Marwan bin Hakam

In 64 A.H. the line of kings of the Umayyad dynasty moved from the descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Marwan. He ruled for only 9 months and during this time he was occupied in war against the group of Abu Sufyan on one hand and Abdullah ibne Zubayr on the other. As a result, he did not get much opportunity to persecute the Shia. However, he continued the policy of cursing Imam Ali (AS) from the pulpits. He also gave shelter to the killers of Imam Husain (AS) who were being hunted now that Yazid was dead.

5. Abdul Malik bin Marwan

Abdul Malik succeeded his father in 65 A.H. and ruled for 21 years. He became the ruler of Syria while Abdullah ibne Zubayr took over Arabia. Between the two of them they managed to kill the two groups of people who had risen to take revenge for the murder of Imam Husain (AS). The "Penitents" led my Shia like Sulayman bin Sard Khuzai'i were killed by Abdul Malik while the group led by Mukhtar was killed by ibne Zubayr.

Abdul Malik finally managed to kill ibne Zubayr and take control of the whole Muslim Empire. One of the worst crimes he committed was to turn a blind eye to the activities of his governor, Hajjaj bin Yusuf. Hajjaj was the worst tyrant in the whole history of the Bani Umayyah. He was responsible for the deaths of 120,000 innocent people. He tortured and killed such notable companions of Imam Ali (AS) like Qambar, Kumail bin Ziyad and Sa'id bin Jubayr.

During this time it was safer for the Muslims to call themselves the enemies of Islam rather than the Shia of Imam Ali (AS). Abdul Malik was so grateful for the services of Hajjaj that he gave him full control of Iraq and Arabia to do as he liked. When Hajjaj died, his prison contained 50,000 men and 30,000 women.

6. Walid bin Abdul Malik.

In 86 A.H. Walid succeeded his father Abdul Malik. Walid was a cruel tyrant who continued to favour Hajjaj and give him free rein. He dismissed the popular governor in Madina, Umar bin Abdul Aziz and put Khalid bin Abdullah in his place. Khalid was an unbeliever whose mother was a Christian. This man built a church for his mother behind the Ka'ba. He allowed Christians to keep Muslim slaves.

7. Sulayman bin Abdul Malik

Walid died in 96 A.H. after ruling for 10 years and was succeeded by his brother Sulayman. Sulayman was a glutton and fond of women. 

Sulayman killed him because Musa had sent all the spoils of war to Walid and had not kept it till Sulayman came to the throne. He also killed Waqtiba bin Muslim who had conquered territories from Fars to China for the Muslim Empire. His reason for killing Waqtiba was that the man had encouraged Walid to remove Sulayman from the office of crown prince.

Sulayman used to shower blessings on Mu'awiya, saying that he had never come across anyone more bold than him in matters of cruelty, crime and oppression. He called Mu'awiya the True Spirit of the Bani Umayyah. Sulayman died in 99 A.H. after ruling for 2 years and a few months and was succeeded by Umar bin Abdul Aziz.

8. Umar bin Abdul Aziz

After the death of Sulayman bin Abdul Malik in 99 A.H., the reins of power were taken up by Umar bin Abdul Aziz. He was the one king in this dynasty whose actions were worthwhile.

One of the greatest deeds of Umar bin Abdul Aziz was that he stopped the abusing of Imam Ali (AS) from the pulpits at the time of Friday prayers. Because of the influence of his childhood teachers, he had grown up with love and respect for the Ahlul Bayt (AS). Instead of the customary curses, he ordered that the following verse be recited:

Verily, Allah commands to maintain justice, kindness and proper relations with relatives; and He forbids indecency, sin and rebellion. He gives you advice so that perhaps you will take heed.

Surah an-Nahl, 16:90

9. Yazid bin Abdul Malik.

Yazid was the next king and he did his best to overturn all the good actions of his predecessor. Under his rule, the old harsh ways of terrorisation and unfair taxation were revived. Yazid also seized Fadak back.

Like his maternal grandfather, Yazid the First, this Yazid was also fond of easy living, drinking and women. His rule came to an end after 4 years.

10. Hisham bin Abdul Malik

Hisham came to power at a time when the crimes of Bani Umayyah were finally causing widespread resentment. Hisham did not take heed of these feelings, and instead of attempting to reform the evils of his forefathers, he added to the misery of the people. His policies towards the Shia were especially harsh. He ordered that they should be got rid off, their blood be shed and their rights be taken away.

During the time of Hisham a revolution was led by Zayd son of Imam Ali Zainul Abideen (AS). 15,000 Shia supported him but they deserted him when the fighting started. At the end Zayd was left with only 300 men and after a brave fight, he was killed. The body of Zayd was treated very badly by Hisham who refused to allow it to be buried and hung it at Kufa.

11. Walid bin Yazid bin Abdul Malik.

Hisham died after ruling for 19 years and was succeeded by Walid. Walid was a shameless and foolish man, and he was fond of a pleasurable life, wasting it on wine, adultery and hunting. He was the first ruler to introduce professional singers into his court.

He is famous for having publicly shot arrows at the Qur'an. By this time, the days of the Bani Umayyah were numbered and the voice of outrage against these useless rulers rang everywhere.

To add to this, the Bani Abbas began a campaign to topple the Bani Umayyah. After Walid's death, three more rulers came to power briefly, but they ruled for only a short time before the sun set on this cruel dynasty forever. These rulers were:

12. Yazid bin Walid (6 months).

13. Ibrahim bin Walid (4 months).

The development of Islam in the Age of Khilafat

Contents Contents 1 How Political Development and Governance During the Khulafa 'al-Rayidun? 2 How Development Culture and Civilization During the Khulafa 'al-Rayidun? 1 Politics and Administration During the Khulafa 'al-Rashidun Abu Bakr As-Siddiq 11-3 H / 632-634 AD Caliph Abu Bakr came to office based on the choice that goes very democratic in Bani Sa'idah Tsaqifah conference, meet sound .

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq

KHALIFAH THE foursome (KHULAFA'UR-RASHIDIN) history of Abu Bakr ibn Abu Quhafah, derivative children of Taim bin Murrah, son of Ka'b, son Lu'ai, Kalb ibn al-Qurasyi. At Murrah nasabnya Meet the Apostles. mother Ummul Khair Salma bint Sakhr bin Anrir, derivative Taim bin Murra also. He was born in the second year of the elephant, so two years older.

Umar bin Al-Khattab RA

Second Caliph, Smart distinguished between Haq and falsehood Prolegomena Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second Caliph of Islam after the Caliph Abu Bakr.Perlantikannya is testament than the Caliph Abu Bakr. His full name is Umar b. Al-Khattab b. Naufal b. Abdul Uzza b. Rabah b. Abdullah b. Qarth b. Razah b. Adiy b.Ka'b. In.

Uthman RA

Third Caliph, Angel taste Shame To her Prolegomena `A'ishah reported: The Prophet was sitting in the house with peha or calf exposure. Abu Bakr asked permission to enter the home and has allowed while the prophet who is in this position and he came and spoke to the prophet. Then `Umar asked permission to memasuk. He has been given permission

Ali ibn Abu Talib RA

Fourth Caliph, Lions face God Honored By God When Caliph Uthman ra died, the citizens of Medina and the three forces of Egypt, Basra and Kufa agreed chose Ali ibn Abi Talib as the new caliph. According to history, Ali had refused the inauguration.However, all urged him to lead the people. Pembaiatan Ali was held at the mosque .

SUMBER DISINI 

Conclusions 
Umayyad dynasty is one of Islam is quite famous as rulers of other Muslim. Even at this time, the changes made for the sake of change, at least the courage to get out of the Umayyad Arab tradition in the matter of leadership turnover and transfer of powers from the center of the Arabian Peninsula to Damascus (outside the Arabian peninsula) be a simple proof of the dynamics that occur during the Umayyad rule.The writing on the top, although very briefly give an overview of Umayyad power struggle with all the power dynamics that occur during approximately 90 years, on the one hand has chalked a lot of progress notes for Islam, but on the other hand does not juah different rulers previously, namely the inability to minimize political conflicts, which often resulted in several tragedies battle among Muslims.However, the Umayyad remains an important and interesting part in the history of the Muslims who must continue to serve as a very valuable experience, because not all done it Umayyad ugly, but it also has important side that should be emulated by Muslims. Umayyad power almost a century in leading Muslims, remains an achievement that should diapreasi critically.